Pre-K Now
Fact Sheets
Pre-K Across the Country

The state of pre-kindergarten varies across the country. These facts are a good starting point for understanding what's happening in pre-k right now.

For more detailed data on pre-k access and quality, check out the "State Preschool Yearbook," published annually by the National Institute for Early Education Research.

Availability
  • State-funded pre-k programs currently serve just 24 percent of four year olds and 4 percent of three year olds in the U.S.
  • Nationally, about 70 percent of children in state-funded pre-k are served in a school setting. For- and non-profit childcare centers, Head Start centers, and faith-based providers serve the other 30 percent.
  • Florida, Georgia, and Oklahoma are the only states that currently make pre-k available to all four year olds.
  • The District of Columbia, Illinois, Iowa, Louisiana, New York, and West Virginia have multi-year plans to implement pre-k for all four year olds. (The District of Columbia and Illinois have plans that include three year olds as well.)
  • The District of Columbia, Maine, Oklahoma, Wisconsin, and West Virginia offer pre-k for all through their school funding formula.
  • Thirteen states with state-funded pre-k do not offer their programs to three year olds.
  • Ten states have no state-funded pre-k program at all.

See the percent of 4 year olds served in state pre-k nationwide

Funding
  • States' spending on pre-k programs varies widely, from $1,686 per pre-k child in Maine to almost $11,000 per child in New Jersey.
  • Nationwide, state spending on each pre-k child averages about $4,000, or about one-third of the average dollars spent on each public-school student in K-12.
  • Twelve states - Colorado, Iowa, Maine, Maryland, Michigan, Nebraska, Oklahoma, Texas, Vermont, West Virginia, and Wisconsin - and the District of Columbia include pre-k as part of their school funding formulas (as of FY2008). This means that at least a portion of pre-k spending is tied to the same funding increases and decreases as K-12 education, though some of these states place limits on the total funding amount available through the formula.
Quality
  • Eighteen states currently meet eight or more of the ten quality-checklist criteria for its pre-k program, according to the National Institute for Early Education Research (NIEER).
  • Eight states currently meet five or fewer of NIEER's quality-checklist criteria.
  • Two states - Alabama and North Carolina - currently meet all ten of NIEER's quality benchmarks.

See the number of state pre-k programs meeting benchmarks 2002-2010

Teachers
  • About 73 percent of pre-k teachers in state-funded programs report that they have a bachelor's degree (or higher degree).
  • About 56 percent of pre-k teachers report that they hold a teaching certificate from their state designed to include teaching children younger than five years.
  • Twenty-one states do not require all of their state-funded pre-k teachers to have a four-year college degree. Eight of these states do not require any state pre-k teachers to have a bachelor's degree.
  • The average pre-k teacher earns less than half of what the average elementary school teacher earns. About 70 percent of pre-k teachers report earning a salary below 200% of federal poverty guidelines.
  • Pre-k teachers are, to a great extent, reflective of the children they serve. For instance, 71 percent of classrooms where a majority of the children are African American have pre-k teachers who are also African American, and 46 percent of pre-k classrooms with a majority of Latino children have Latino teachers.
Search
Browse Shared Content
Resource Center
Pre-K Advocates
Policymakers
Media
Business and Community Leaders
Educators
Families
Votes Count FY11
Redefining ESEA
Looking for resources on pre-k and the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA)? See our web page and PowerPoint presentation on the topic here.
Explore the Pre-K Evidence
Our collection of original reports and links to other studies will give you a deeper view into pre-k policy.
The Case for Pre-K in Education Reform
Fifty years of evidence shows that high-quality, voluntary pre-k is among the best strategies for education reform. Our brief highlights findings from the latest state pre-k program evaluations that continue to document gains in key measures of student learning, including early literacy, math and vocabulary; reduced need for special and remedial education; and lower incidences of grade retention.
Tips & Tasks for State Advisory Councils
While reauthorizing Head Start in 2007, Congress added a new provision requiring every state to create or designate a State Advisory Council to better coordinate early education and care services. Pre-K Now has two new resources designed to help policymakers and advocates navigate the process of setting up Councils and seize the opportunities offered by them.
Meeting the Challenge of Rural Pre-K
Families everywhere struggle to find high-quality pre-k programs for their children, but the problem is even more acute in rural areas. Pre-K Now has come out with recommendations for federal policymakers to help states meet the unique challenges of rural pre-k.
Good parenting is enhanced by a high-quality pre-k program.